Electrical systems exhibit a wide range of sophistication and applications, ranging from a basic digital code reader for a single door to a complex, networked system that manages multiple doors in an airport. Regardless of complexity, every system comprises four fundamental components at the door: an external reader unit, an electronic locking mechanism, a power supply, and a means of exit.

Hardwired systems offer the advantage of maintaining continuous communication with the network, allowing for real-time exchange of permissions and door events, which ensures reliable performance without dependence on a Wi-Fi network, for instance.